Shawarar Aikace-aikacen Kula da Zubar da Mai a Kamfanin Masana'antu na Spring

A cikin tsarin gyaran saman maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, ana amfani da phosphating don samar da wani rufin kariya wanda ke hana tsatsa. Wannan ya ƙunshi nutsar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a cikin maganin phosphating wanda ke ɗauke da ions na ƙarfe kamar zinc, manganese, da nickel. Ta hanyar halayen sinadarai, ana samar da fim ɗin gishirin phosphate wanda ba ya narkewa a saman maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.

Wannan tsari yana samar da nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan ruwan sharar gida guda biyu
1. Maganin Wanka Mai Rage Fitowar Fosfat: Wanka mai ratsa fosfat yana buƙatar maye gurbinsa lokaci-lokaci, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sharar da ke da yawan tarawa. Manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa sun haɗa da zinc, manganese, nickel, da phosphate.
2. Ruwan Kurkure Mai Haɗa Phosphate: Bayan phosphating, ana gudanar da matakai da yawa na kurkure. Duk da cewa yawan gurɓataccen abu ya yi ƙasa da na wanka da aka kashe, yawan ruwan yana da yawa. Wannan ruwan kurkure ya ƙunshi ragowar zinc, manganese, nickel, da jimlar phosphorus, wanda shine babban tushen ruwan sharar da ke haɗa phosphate a wuraren masana'antar bazara.

Cikakken Bayani Game da Manyan Gurɓatattun Abubuwa:
1. Baƙin ƙarfe - Babban Mai Gurɓatar Ƙarfe
Tushe: Asalinsa ya samo asali ne daga tsarin tace sinadarin acid, inda ake shafa sinadarin hydrochloric ko sulfuric acid don cire tsatsa daga ƙarfe. Wannan yana haifar da narkewar ions na ƙarfe cikin ruwan shara.
Dalilin Kulawa da Kulawa:
- Tasirin Gani: Bayan fitar da iska, ions ɗin ferrous suna yin oxidize zuwa ions ɗin ferro, suna samar da ferric hydroxide mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa wanda ke haifar da datti da canza launin ruwan.
- Tasirin Muhalli: Tarin ferric hydroxide na iya zama a kan gaɓɓan koguna, yana shaƙe halittu masu rai da kuma lalata yanayin halittu na ruwa.
- Matsalolin Kayayyakin more rayuwa: Taragunan ƙarfe na iya haifar da toshewar bututu da kuma raguwar ingancin tsarin.
- Bukatar Magani: Duk da ƙarancin gubarsa, ƙarfe yawanci yana nan a cikin babban taro kuma ana iya cire shi ta hanyar daidaita pH da ruwan sama. Maganin kafin a fara aiki yana da mahimmanci don hana tsangwama ga hanyoyin da ke ƙasa.

2. Zinc da Manganese – "Ma'auratan Phosphating"
Majiyoyi: Waɗannan abubuwan galibi suna fitowa ne daga tsarin phosphating, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci don haɓaka juriyar tsatsa da mannewa a shafi. Yawancin masana'antun bazara suna amfani da maganin phosphating na zinc ko manganese. Kurkurewar ruwa daga baya yana ɗaukar ions na zinc da manganese zuwa cikin ruwan shara.
Dalilin Kulawa da Kulawa:
- Gubar Ruwa: Dukansu karafa suna nuna guba mai yawa ga kifaye da sauran halittun ruwa, koda kuwa a ƙarancin yawansu, wanda ke shafar girma, haifuwa, da rayuwa.
- Zinc: Yana lalata aikin kifin, yana rage ingancin numfashi.
- Manganese: Shakar iskar oxygen na yau da kullun yana haifar da tarin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma yiwuwar tasirin cutar neurotoxic.
- Bin ƙa'idodi: Ka'idojin fitarwa na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya suna sanya tsauraran ƙa'idodi kan yawan zinc da manganese. Cirewar da ta dace yawanci tana buƙatar ruwan sama mai guba ta amfani da sinadaran alkaline don samar da hydroxides marasa narkewa.

3. Nickel – Karfe Mai Haɗari Mai Yawa Da Ke Bukatar Tsauraran Dokoki
Majiyoyi:
- Abubuwan da aka samo asali daga albarkatun ƙasa: Wasu ƙarfe na ƙarfe, gami da bakin ƙarfe, suna ɗauke da nickel, wanda ke narkewa cikin acid yayin tsinken tsinkewa.
- Tsarin gyaran saman: Wasu na'urorin lantarki na musamman ko kuma sinadarai sun haɗa da mahaɗan nickel.
Dalilin Kulawa da Kulawa (Muhimmancin Muhimmanci):
- Haɗarin Lafiya da Muhalli: Ana rarraba nickel da wasu mahaɗan nickel a matsayin masu haifar da cutar kansa. Haka kuma suna haifar da haɗari saboda gubarsu, abubuwan da ke haifar da allergies, da kuma ƙarfin tarin halittu, wanda ke haifar da barazana ta dogon lokaci ga lafiyar ɗan adam da kuma yanayin halittu.
- Iyakokin Fitar da Ruwa Mai Tsauri: Ka'idoji kamar "Ma'aunin Fitar da Ruwa Mai Tsami Mai Haɗaka" an saita su a cikin mafi ƙarancin yawan da aka yarda da shi ga nickel (yawanci ≤0.5–1.0 mg/L), yana nuna babban matakin haɗarinsa.
- Kalubalen Magani: Ruwan alkali na al'ada bazai kai matsayin bin ƙa'ida ba; hanyoyi na zamani kamar su chelating agents ko sulfide are many sulfide don cire nickel mai inganci.

Fitar da ruwan shara kai tsaye daga wuraren da ba a yi wa magani ba zai haifar da gurɓatar muhalli mai tsanani da kuma ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi wa dukkan abubuwan da ke fitar da ruwa da kuma gwaji mai tsauri don tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodi kafin a sake su. Sa ido a ainihin lokaci a wurin fitar da ruwa yana aiki a matsayin ma'auni mai mahimmanci ga kamfanoni don cika nauyin muhalli, tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodi, da kuma rage haɗarin muhalli da na shari'a.