Shari'ar Aikace-aikacen Kula da Rarraba a Kamfanin Masana'antar bazara

A cikin tsarin jiyya na farfajiyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, ana amfani da phosphating don samar da murfin kariya wanda ke hana lalata. Wannan ya haɗa da nutsar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a cikin maganin phosphating mai ɗauke da ions ƙarfe kamar zinc, manganese, da nickel. Ta hanyar halayen sinadaran, an kafa fim ɗin gishiri na phosphate wanda ba zai iya narkewa a saman bazara.

Wannan tsari yana haifar da nau'ikan ruwa na farko guda biyu
1. Magani na Bakin Bakin Fosphating: Wankan phosphating yana buƙatar maye gurbin lokaci-lokaci, yana haifar da babban taro mai sharar ruwa. Muhimman abubuwan gurɓata yanayi sun haɗa da zinc, manganese, nickel, da phosphate.
2. Ruwan Rinse Phosphating: Bayan phosphating, ana gudanar da matakan rinsing da yawa. Kodayake gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ya yi ƙasa da na wankan da aka kashe, ƙarar yana da yawa. Wannan ruwan kurkure yana ƙunshe da ragowar zinc, manganese, nickel, da jimillar phosphorus, wanda ya zama babban tushen ruwan datti na phosphating a wuraren masana'antar bazara.

Cikakken Bayani na Mahimman Abubuwan gurɓatawa:
1. Iron - Ƙarfe na Farko
Tushen: Da farko ya samo asali ne daga tsarin tattara acid, inda ake kula da karfen bazara tare da hydrochloric ko sulfuric acid don cire ma'aunin ƙarfe oxide (tsatsa). Wannan yana haifar da gagarumin narkar da ions baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ruwan datti.
Dalilin Kulawa da Kulawa:
- Tasirin gani: Bayan fitarwa, ions ferrous oxidize zuwa ferric ions, samar da jan-launin ruwan kasa ferric hydroxide wanda ke haifar da turbidity da canza launin ruwa.
- Ecological Effects: Tarin ferric hydroxide na iya zama a kan gadajen kogi, lalata kwayoyin halitta da kuma rushe yanayin halittun ruwa.
- Batutuwan ababen more rayuwa: Adadin ƙarfe na iya haifar da toshe bututu da rage ingancin tsarin.
- Lalacewar Jiyya: Duk da ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, ƙarfe yawanci yana wanzuwa a babban taro kuma ana iya cire shi da kyau ta hanyar daidaita pH da hazo. Magani yana da mahimmanci don hana tsangwama tare da matakai na ƙasa.

2. Zinc da manganese - The "Phosphating Pair"
Tushen: Waɗannan abubuwan da farko sun samo asali ne daga tsarin phosphating, wanda ke da mahimmanci don haɓaka juriya da tsatsa da mannewa. Yawancin masana'antun bazara suna amfani da maganin phosphating na tushen zinc ko manganese. Kurkurewar ruwa na gaba yana ɗaukar zinc da ion manganese zuwa cikin magudanar ruwa.
Dalilin Kulawa da Kulawa:
- Guba a cikin Ruwa: Dukansu karafa suna nuna tsananin guba ga kifaye da sauran halittun ruwa, ko da a cikin ƙananan yawa, suna shafar girma, haifuwa, da rayuwa.
- Zinc: Yana lalata aikin gill kifi, yana lalata ingancin numfashi.
- Manganese: bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullum yana haifar da bioaccumulation da yuwuwar tasirin neurotoxic.
- Yarda da Ka'idoji: Matsayin fitarwa na ƙasa da na duniya suna sanya iyaka mai ƙarfi akan abubuwan da suka shafi zinc da manganese. Ingantacciyar cirewa yawanci yana buƙatar hazo sinadarai ta amfani da reagents na alkaline don samar da hydroxides maras narkewa.

3. Nickel - Ƙarfe Mai Haɗari Mai Haɗari Mai Bukatar Tsanani Tsari
Sources:
- Mahimmanci a cikin albarkatun kasa: Wasu karafa, gami da bakin karfe, suna dauke da nickel, wanda ke narkewa cikin acid yayin tsinko.
- Tsarin kula da saman: Wasu ƙwararrun gyare-gyaren lantarki ko sinadarai sun haɗa da mahadi na nickel.
Dalilin Kulawa da Kulawa (Mahimman Mahimmanci):
- Lafiya da Hatsarin Muhalli: Nickel da wasu mahadi na nickel an kasafta su azaman masu yuwuwar cutar daji. Har ila yau, suna haifar da haɗari saboda gubarsu, abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki, da kuma iyawar kwayoyin halitta, suna gabatar da barazana na dogon lokaci ga lafiyar ɗan adam da kuma yanayin muhalli.
- Iyakar Fitar da Wuta: Dokoki irin su "Hadadden Ma'aunin zubar da ruwa" da aka saita a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta halaltaccen adadin nickel (yawanci ≤0.5-1.0 mg/L), yana nuna babban haɗarinsa.
- Kalubalen Jiyya: Hazo alkali na al'ada na iya kasa cimma matakan yarda; Hanyoyin ci-gaba kamar su masu lalata ko hazo sulfide galibi ana buƙata don ingantaccen cire nickel.

Fitar da ruwan sha da ba a kula da shi kai tsaye zai haifar da mummunan gurɓata muhalli na jikunan ruwa da ƙasa. Don haka, dole ne a sha maganin da ya dace da kuma gwaji mai tsauri don tabbatar da yarda kafin sakin. Sa ido na ainihin lokacin fitarwa yana aiki azaman ma'auni mai mahimmanci ga kamfanoni don cika nauyin muhalli, ba da garantin bin ka'ida, da rage haɗarin muhalli da doka.