Yaya ake auna dattin ruwa?

Menene Turbidity?

Tsauri wani ma'auni ne na gajimare ko duhun ruwa, wanda aka saba amfani da shi don tantance ingancin ruwa a cikin ruwa na halitta - kamar koguna, tafkuna, da tekuna - da kuma a cikin tsarin tace ruwa. Yana tasowa ne saboda kasancewar ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar, ciki har da laka, algae, plankton, da samfuran masana'antu, waɗanda ke watsa haske da ke ratsa ginshiƙin ruwa.
Yawanci ana ƙididdige turbidity a cikin na'urorin turbidity na nephelometric (NTU), tare da ƙimar da ta fi girma tana nuna ƙarin hasken ruwa. Wannan na'urar ta dogara ne akan adadin hasken da barbashi da aka rataye a cikin ruwa suka warwatse, kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar nephelometer. Nephelometer yana haskaka hasken ta cikin samfurin kuma yana gano hasken da barbashi da aka dakatar suka warwatse a kusurwar digiri 90. Babban ƙimar NTU yana nuna babban turbidity, ko gajimare, a cikin ruwa. Ƙananan ƙimar NTU suna nuna ruwa mai haske.
Misali: Ruwan da ke da tsabta yana iya samun ƙimar NTU kusa da 0. Ruwan sha, wanda ke buƙatar cika ƙa'idodin aminci, yawanci yana da NTU ƙasa da 1. Ruwa mai yawan gurɓatawa ko barbashi da aka dakatar na iya samun ƙimar NTU da ke tsakanin ɗaruruwa ko dubbai.

Me yasa za a auna dattin ingancin ruwa?

Ƙara yawan turbidity na iya haifar da wasu sakamako masu illa:
1) Rage shigar haske cikin ruwa: Wannan yana lalata photosynthesis a cikin tsire-tsire na ruwa, ta haka yana kawo cikas ga yanayin halittu na ruwa wanda ya dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
2) Rufe tsarin tacewa: Daskararrun da aka dakatar na iya toshe matatun ruwa a wuraren tace ruwa, yana ƙara farashin aiki da rage ingancin magani.
3) Hadin gwiwa da gurɓatattun abubuwa: Barbashi masu haifar da turbidity galibi suna aiki a matsayin masu ɗaukar gurɓatattun abubuwa masu cutarwa, kamar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ƙarfe masu nauyi, da sinadarai masu guba, waɗanda ke haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar muhalli da ta ɗan adam.
A taƙaice, dattin ruwa yana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar alama don tantance ingancin albarkatun ruwa na zahiri, sinadarai, da halittu, musamman a cikin tsarin sa ido kan muhalli da lafiyar jama'a.
Menene ƙa'idar auna turbidity?

Ka'idar auna dattin da ke cikin haske ta dogara ne akan watsawar haske yayin da yake ratsa samfurin ruwa wanda ke ɗauke da barbashi da aka dakatar. Lokacin da haske ya yi mu'amala da waɗannan barbashi, yana warwatsewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma ƙarfin hasken da aka warwatse yana daidai da yawan barbashi da ke akwai. Babban yawan barbashi yana haifar da ƙaruwar watsawar haske, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin dattin da ke cikinsa.

ƙa'idar auna turbidity

Ana iya raba tsarin zuwa matakai masu zuwa:
Tushen Haske: Hasken haske, wanda yawanci ana fitar da shi ta hanyar laser ko LED, ana tura shi ta cikin samfurin ruwa.
Barbashi Masu Dakatarwa: Yayin da hasken ke yaɗuwa ta cikin samfurin, abubuwa masu dakatarwa—kamar laka, algae, plankton, ko gurɓatattun abubuwa—suna sa hasken ya watsu a wurare daban-daban.
Gano Hasken da Ya Watse: Anephelometer, kayan aikin da ake amfani da shi don auna turbidity, yana gano hasken da aka watsa a kusurwar digiri 90 dangane da hasken da ya faru. Wannan gano kusurwa ita ce hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita saboda yawan saurin watsawa da barbashi ke haifarwa.
Auna Ƙarfin Hasken da Ya Warwatse: Ana auna ƙarfin hasken da ya warwatse, tare da ƙarin ƙarfi yana nuna yawan ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar da su, kuma sakamakon haka, yawan turbidity.
Lissafin Tsaftacewa: Ana canza ƙarfin hasken da aka auna ya watse zuwa Na'urorin Tsaftacewa na Nephelometric (NTU), wanda ke samar da ƙimar lambobi daidai gwargwado wanda ke wakiltar matakin tsaftacewa.
Me ake auna dattin ruwa?

Auna turbidity na ruwa ta amfani da na'urori masu auna turbidity na gani aiki ne da aka saba amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu na zamani. Yawanci, ana buƙatar na'urar nazarin turbidity mai aiki da yawa don nuna ma'auni na ainihin lokaci, ba da damar tsaftace firikwensin atomatik lokaci-lokaci, da kuma kunna faɗakarwa don karantawa mara kyau, ta haka ne tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa.

Na'urar auna turbidity ta yanar gizo (Auna ruwan teku)

Muhalli daban-daban na aiki suna buƙatar hanyoyin sa ido kan turbidity daban-daban. A cikin tsarin samar da ruwa na biyu na gidaje, wuraren tace ruwa, da kuma wuraren shiga da fita na wuraren shan ruwa, ana amfani da mitar turbidity mai ƙarancin nisa tare da matsakaicin daidaito da kuma kunkuntar ma'auni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsananin buƙatar ƙarancin turbidity a cikin waɗannan wurare. Misali, a yawancin ƙasashe, ƙa'idar da aka tsara don ruwan famfo a wuraren tacewa tana ƙayyade matakin turbidity ƙasa da NTU 1. Kodayake gwajin ruwan wanka ba shi da yawa, idan aka gudanar da shi, yana kuma buƙatar ƙarancin turbidity, wanda yawanci yana buƙatar amfani da mitar turbidity mai ƙarancin nisa.

Ma'aunin Turbidity mai ƙarancin zango TBG-6188T

Sabanin haka, aikace-aikace kamar cibiyoyin sarrafa ruwan shara da wuraren fitar da ruwa daga masana'antu suna buƙatar mita masu tsayi. Ruwa a cikin waɗannan muhallin galibi yana nuna babban canjin turbidity kuma yana iya ƙunsar yawan daskararrun abubuwa da aka dakatar, barbashi masu kama da colloidal, ko abubuwan da suka haifar da sinadarai. Ƙimar turbidity sau da yawa ta wuce iyakokin ma'auni na kayan aikin da ba su da ƙarfi sosai. Misali, turbidity mai tasiri a masana'antar sarrafa ruwan shara na iya kaiwa ɗaruruwan NTU, kuma ko da bayan magani na farko, sa ido kan matakan turbidity a cikin goma na NTU ya kasance dole. Mita turbidity mai tsayi yawanci suna aiki bisa ga ƙa'idar rabon ƙarfin haske da aka watsa. Ta hanyar amfani da dabarun faɗaɗa kewayon motsi, waɗannan kayan aikin suna samun damar aunawa daga 0.1 NTU zuwa 4000 NTU yayin da suke kiyaye daidaiton ±2% na cikakken sikelin.

Masana'antar Nazarin Turbidity ta Intanet

A cikin masana'antu na musamman, kamar fannin magunguna da abinci da abin sha, ana buƙatar ƙarin buƙatu kan daidaito da daidaiton ma'aunin turbidity na dogon lokaci. Waɗannan masana'antu galibi suna amfani da na'urorin auna turbidity guda biyu, waɗanda ke haɗa da hasken da aka yi amfani da shi don rama matsalolin da bambancin tushen haske da canjin zafin jiki ke haifarwa, don haka tabbatar da daidaiton ma'auni. Misali, turbidity na ruwan da za a yi allurar dole ne a kiyaye shi ƙasa da 0.1 NTU, wanda ke sanya buƙatu masu tsauri kan ƙarfin kayan aiki da juriya ga tsangwama.
Bugu da ƙari, tare da ci gaban fasahar Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), tsarin sa ido kan turbidity na zamani yana ƙara zama mai hankali da haɗin kai. Haɗakar hanyoyin sadarwa na 4G/5G yana ba da damar watsa bayanan turbidity a ainihin lokaci zuwa dandamalin gajimare, yana sauƙaƙa sa ido daga nesa, nazarin bayanai, da sanarwar faɗakarwa ta atomatik. Misali, wata cibiyar kula da ruwa ta birni ta aiwatar da tsarin sa ido kan turbidity mai wayo wanda ke haɗa bayanan turbidity daga waje tare da tsarin sarrafa rarraba ruwa. Bayan gano turbidity mara kyau, tsarin yana daidaita yawan sinadarai ta atomatik, wanda ke haifar da inganta bin ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa daga 98% zuwa 99.5%, tare da raguwar amfani da sinadarai da kashi 12%.
Shin turbidity iri ɗaya ne da jimlar da aka dakatar da abubuwa masu ƙarfi?

Turbidity da Jimlar Daskararru (TSS) ra'ayoyi ne masu alaƙa, amma ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Dukansu suna nufin ƙwayoyin da aka rataye a cikin ruwa, amma sun bambanta a abin da suke aunawa da kuma yadda ake ƙididdige su.
Tsafta yana auna yanayin gani na ruwa, musamman adadin haske da ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar suka warwatse. Ba ya auna adadin ƙwayoyin da aka toshe ko aka karkatar da su kai tsaye, sai dai adadin haske da waɗannan ƙwayoyin suka toshe ko suka juya. Tsafta ba wai kawai tana shafar yawan ƙwayoyin ba ne, har ma da abubuwa kamar girma, siffa, da launi na ƙwayoyin, da kuma tsawon hasken da aka yi amfani da shi wajen aunawa.

Ma'aunin Daskararru na Masana'antu (TSS) Jimlar

Jimlar Daskararrun Da Aka Dakatar(TSS) yana auna ainihin nauyin ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar a cikin samfurin ruwa. Yana ƙididdige jimlar nauyin ƙwayoyin da aka rataye a cikin ruwa, ba tare da la'akari da halayensu na gani ba.
Ana auna TSS ta hanyar tace ruwa da aka sani ta hanyar tacewa (yawanci matattara ce mai nauyin da aka sani). Bayan an tace ruwan, ana busar da daskararrun da aka bari a kan matattara kuma a auna su. Sakamakon yana bayyana a cikin milligrams a kowace lita (mg/L). TSS yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da adadin barbashi da aka dakatar, amma bai bayar da bayani game da girman barbashi ko yadda barbashi ke watsa haske ba.
Babban Bambanci:
1) Yanayin Ma'auni:
Turbidity wani abu ne da ke nuna haske (yadda haske ke warwatse ko kuma yake sha).
TSS abu ne na zahiri (yawan ƙwayoyin da aka rataye a cikin ruwa).
2) Abin da Suka auna:
Tsaftacewa yana nuna yadda ruwan yake da tsabta ko duhu, amma ba ya bayar da ainihin tarin daskararru.
TSS tana ba da ma'auni kai tsaye na adadin daskararru a cikin ruwa, komai kyawunsa ko kuma yadda yake a sarari.
3) Raka'a:
Ana auna turbidity a cikin NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units).
Ana auna TSS a cikin mg/L (milligrams a kowace lita).
Shin launi da datti iri ɗaya ne?

Launi da datti ba iri ɗaya ba ne, duk da cewa duka suna shafar kamannin ruwa.

Ma'aunin Launi na Kan layi na Ingancin Ruwa

Ga bambanci:
Launi yana nufin launin ko launin ruwan da abubuwa masu narkewa suka haifar, kamar kwayoyin halitta (kamar ganyen da suka ruɓe) ko ma'adanai (kamar ƙarfe ko manganese). Ko da ruwa mai tsabta zai iya samun launi idan ya ƙunshi mahaɗan launuka masu narkewa.
Tsarkakakken ruwa yana nufin gajimare ko kuma hayakin ruwa da ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar ke haifarwa, kamar yumbu, laka, ƙananan halittu, ko wasu ƙananan abubuwa masu tauri. Yana auna yadda ƙwayoyin ke watsa haske ta cikin ruwan.
A takaice:
Launi = abubuwa masu narkewa
Turbidity = barbashi da aka dakatar